It is fun to speculate on what might have been, thank goodness there were countries willing to accept these fellows. How fortunate that many of them wrote popular books to make relativity and quantum mechanics understandable by the rest of us!
On the plus side, the Nazis ensured that many of these great scientists migrated westwards - profoundly changing the landscape of physics in North America and also in the UK. My own department experienced a renaissance: "... the enforced emigration of Jewish physicists from Nazi Germany and Central Europe in the 1930s and 1940s led to a number of eminent physicists settling in Oxford". We held a conference about this: The Émigrés in Oxford Physics (https://www.stx.ox.ac.uk/event/the-emigres-in-oxford-physics) - all the talks are on YouTube.
It is fun to speculate on what might have been, thank goodness there were countries willing to accept these fellows. How fortunate that many of them wrote popular books to make relativity and quantum mechanics understandable by the rest of us!
On the plus side, the Nazis ensured that many of these great scientists migrated westwards - profoundly changing the landscape of physics in North America and also in the UK. My own department experienced a renaissance: "... the enforced emigration of Jewish physicists from Nazi Germany and Central Europe in the 1930s and 1940s led to a number of eminent physicists settling in Oxford". We held a conference about this: The Émigrés in Oxford Physics (https://www.stx.ox.ac.uk/event/the-emigres-in-oxford-physics) - all the talks are on YouTube.
Modern cosmology is Time-invariant. The universe does not exist in time. The universe is timeless, time-invariant. https://amritsreckoorli.substack.com/p/time-invariant-cosmology-tic
The universe is non-created and eternal. AGNs are rejuvenating systems of the universe https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2026.170430